Australia’s diverse portfolio of existing and emerging marine industries will drive this growth in response to evolving economic, social and environmental conditions.

This growth will be supported by developments such as:

• the expansion of ocean renewable energy resources (wind, wave and tide) using innovative new technologies
• the realisation of marine biotechnology potential, including the culture of micro and macro marine organisms for biofuels, bioremediation and bioproducts
• the growth of green engineering, ecological restoration and other innovative methods for preventing environmental damage
• the identification, ranking and development of offshore geological basins for oil and gas potential, and CO2 storage
• increased market value of fisheries through sustainable harvest practices
• the doubling of aquaculture value through the development of new sectors, the growth of existing ones through new breed, feed and disease management, and the export of intellectual property to the global market
• the sustainable development of northern Australia based on better marine system understanding and baselines
• long-term sustainability of Australia’s marine world heritage and growth in tourism, one of our largest and most valuable marine industries.

This will be based on greatly improved, openly available data, as well as better understanding of the cumulative impacts of development, climate change and socioeconomic factors on marine ecosystems.

Our decision-support tools will deal explicitly with uncertainty and enable evaluation of trade-offs between multiple uses. We will also determine the cumulative impacts of multiple stressors and inform community debate regarding ‘social licence to operate’.

This will:

• increase administrative efficiency and speed in regulatory decision-making
• increase marine management coherence across the Commonwealth and states
• increase certainty and competitiveness and reduce costs for industry and governments
• reduce the likelihood that decisions are contested, through improved transparency
• reduce environmental risk
• increase sustainability.

Enhanced scientific information and improved environmental management performance will support this development.

Robust and fit-for-purpose long-term monitoring programs on urban and agricultural catchments, sewage outfalls, ports, coastal development and marine protected areas will provide an evidence base for evaluating the performance of environmental regulations and conditions and effective adaptive management.

These will reduce the risks of environmental damage and provide early warning when ecosystems become severely degraded or near tipping point, and thus reduce the huge costs associated with remediation.

The next generations of models will improve estimates and management of:

• oil spill and pollutant dispersion
• dredge spoil movement
• impacts of sediments, nutrients and chemicals from agricultural run-off
• coastal fisheries and aquaculture
• ocean productivity and health.

Improved estimates of wind, current and wave fields will also benefit:

• recreational boating
• the shipping industry
• search-and-rescue operators
• the Australian Defence Force (ADF)
• the offshore engineering industry, which can reduce costs incurred by over-engineering platforms and sub-sea structures.

Improved ocean observations, climate systems modelling and climate adaptation strategies will benefit every Australian. They will also benefit many different industry sectors, such as insurance, energy, water, infrastructure and health.

Other examples include:

• the agriculture, fishing and aquaculture sectors, which will benefit from improved understanding and prediction of ocean-driven climate and weather processes
• local, state and Commonwealth governments, which will benefit from studies of ocean warming and Antarctic ice dynamics and improved estimates of sea level rise, allowing them to more effectively prepare for rising sea level impacts
• managers of infrastructure, fisheries and marine parks, aquaculture producers, and the tourism industry, who will benefit from improved estimation of warming trends and impacts, allowing them to plan and adapt their businesses to new states.

We will do this by doubling the proportion of our marine estate that has been multi-beam swathe mapped — to 50 per cent. And by conducting multidisciplinary baseline surveys.

New observing and monitoring technologies will extend our exploration and monitoring capability, and reduce the cost-per-data point.

By building a comprehensive knowledge of our marine estate, we will also demonstrate a national commitment to use and manage our marine assets. This will help us meet under international obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

These programs will address national priority needs, enhance international relations and build marine science’s reputation for ‘walking the talk’ in aligning our research to improved triple-bottom-line benefits.

This includes increased emphasis on and investment in:

• joint research projects
• marine science graduates with capabilities required by industry
• joint supervision of postgraduate students and postdoctoral fellows across universities, publicly funded research organisations and industry research groups
• shared access to research vessels and major experimental facilities
• increased accessibility to data, regardless of who paid
  for their collection.